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1.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 35(3): 342-353, May-June 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375653

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Public programs that provide access to essential medications have played an important role in the care of hypertensive and diabetic patients. However, access in small municipalities has been poorly studied. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic profile and the medication and health service usage of patients with systemic arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus in a small municipality who use the public medication access programs Health has no Price (Saúde Não Tem Preço - SNTP) and the Minas Pharmacy Network. Methods: This cross-sectional study with 341 participants was conducted in 2019. Home interviews were conducted using a standardized, semi-structured questionnaire. The data are expressed as absolute and relative frequencies, and Pearson's chi-square test was used for comparisons between proportions (α = 5%). Results: Most of the participants (70.68%) had hypertension only, 11.14% had diabetes only, and 18.18% had both. Regarding the origin of the hypertension medications, 82.67% were provided by the Minas Pharmacy Network and/or SNTP programs. Regarding oral hypoglycemic agents and insulins, 88.61% were provided by the Minas Pharmacy Network and/or SNTP. Most participants were female (63.1%), at least 65 years of age (50.30%), non-White (66.96%), resided in an urban area (67.16%), were illiterate or had a low education level (89.94%), and had a maximum income ≤ 2 times the federal minimum salary (89.19%). Overall user perception was significantly better for SNTP (p=0.010). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that programs which provide access to essential medications are important sources of hypertension and diabetes medications in the study area, especially for people with low incomes.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , National Drug Policy , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Hypertension/epidemiology , Pharmaceutical Services/supply & distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Hypertension/drug therapy
2.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae ; (24): 161-168, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-906499

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a comparative analysis is carried out on the policy of listed drugs in Australia, the policy of over-the-counter drugs in Japan, the policy related to the conversion of Chinese patent medicines to over-the-counter drugs, and the policy related to health food. The focus is on one of the possible situations for the registration of over-the-counter traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), namely new prescription-composed over-the-counter TCMs. This paper discussed separately from the three parts of the scope of Chinese medicinal materials in the prescription medicines, the scope of indications, and the technical requirements, in order to provide references for the technical requirements related to the registration of over-the-counter TCMs. Recommendations on the marketing and registration of new prescription-composed over-the-counter TCMs:①It is recommended to formulate a list of medicinal materials for the use of Chinese herbal medicines, and consider including raw materials of health food. On this basis, a batch of safe Chinese medicinal materials/decoction pieces was added. And consider dynamic supervision, such as allowing the addition or recall of Chinese medicinal materials/decoction pieces in the list of medicinal materials. ②The scope of indications is recommended to consider the scope of indications for the conversion of Chinese patent medicines to over-the-counter TCMs in China, and the selection of medium-risk indications can reflect the characteristics and advantages of TCM treatment. ③Efficacy evaluation needs to provide high-quality scientific evidence, including clinical research data, and consider relaxing the requirements for non-clinical pharmacodynamic trials.

3.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 22, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094420

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES This study examined the purchases of eculizumab, a high-cost monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of rare diseases by Brazilian federal agencies, in terms of purchased quantities, expenditures, and prices. METHODS Eculizumab purchases made between March 2007 and December 2018 were analyzed, using secondary data extracted from the Federal Government Purchasing System (SIASG in Portuguese). The following aspects were assessed: number of purchases, purchased quantities, number of daily doses defined per 1,000 inhabitants per year, annual expenditures, and prices. The prices were adjusted by the National Broad Consumer Price Index for December 2018. Linear regression was used for trend analysis. RESULTS All acquisitions by federal agencies were made by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The purchases began in 2009 with tender waiver to comply with legal demand. There was an increasing trend in the number of purchases and quantities acquired over time. Two hundred and eighty-three purchases were made, totaling 116,792 units purchased, 28.2% of them in 2018. The adjusted total expenses summed more than R$ 2.44 billion. After market approval by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, the weighted average price fell approximately 35%, to values under the Medicines Market Chamber of Regulation established prices. CONCLUSION Eculizumab represented extremely significant expenditures for the Brazilian Ministry of Health during the period. All purchases were made to meet demands from lawsuits, outside the competitive environment. The market approval of eculizumab promoted an important price reduction. This study indicates the relevance of licensing and the need for permanent monitoring and auditing of drug purchases to meet legal demands.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS O estudo examinou as aquisições de eculizumabe, um anticorpo monoclonal de alto custo utilizado no tratamento de doenças raras, pelos órgãos federais brasileiros, em termos das quantidades compradas, gastos e preços. MÉTODOS Foram analisadas compras de eculizumabe realizadas entre março de 2007 e dezembro de 2018, por meio de dados secundários extraídos do sistema de compras do governo federal (Siasg). Foram examinados o número de compras, quantidades adquiridas, número de doses diárias definidas por 1.000 habitantes por ano, gastos anuais e preços praticados. Os preços foram corrigidos pelo índice nacional de preços ao consumidor amplo para dezembro de 2018. Regressão linear foi utilizada para análises de tendência. RESULTADOS Todas as aquisições por órgãos federais foram realizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. As compras se iniciaram em 2009, sendo efetuadas por dispensa de licitação e para atendimento de demanda judicial. Houve tendência crescente no número de compras e quantidades adquiridas ao longo do tempo. Foram realizadas 283 compras, totalizando 116.792 unidades adquiridas, 28,2% compradas em 2018. Os gastos totais contratados corrigidos somaram mais de R$ 2,44 bilhões. Após a aprovação do registro pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, o preço médio ponderado caiu aproximadamente 35%, para valores abaixo dos preços estabelecidos pela Câmara de Regulação do Mercado de Medicamentos. CONCLUSÃO O eculizumabe representou gastos extremamente significativos para o Ministério da Saúde no período. Todas as compras foram feitas para atendimento de demandas judiciais, fora do ambiente competitivo. Seu registro promoveu queda importante nos preços praticados. O estudo aponta a relevância do registro sanitário e da necessidade de monitoramento e auditoria permanentes das compras de medicamentos para atendimento de demandas judiciais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Expenditures , Federal Government , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/economics , Brazil , Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence , Complement Inactivating Agents , Complement Inactivating Agents/economics , Government Agencies
4.
Natal; s.n; 20200000. 112 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1444704

ABSTRACT

A judicialização da saúde, especialmente no acesso a medicamentos, é um fenômeno complexo, multifatorial que envolve aspectos técnico-científicos, legais, econômicos e sociais, podendo trazer implicações diversas para a saúde pública. Com o reconhecimento constitucional da saúde como um direito e a implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), um número cada vez maior de cidadãos tem buscado o Poder Judiciário para garantir a promessa constitucional, e o número de processos tem crescido ao longo dos anos. Dada sua relevância, o tema da judicialização vêm sendo debatido em diversos espaços: na sociedade, no meio acadêmico, por instituições jurídicas e por gestores da saúde. Entretanto ainda não foi possível traçar um panorama nacional da judicialização de medicamentos no Brasil, havendo uma marcante concentração de pesquisas nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do país. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar e analisar as demandas judicias por medicamentos no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, buscando descrever as características sociodemográficas, médico-sanitárias e judiciais das ações, fazendo uma análise à luz das políticas de medicamentos vigentes e analisando suas possíveis interfaces com o processo de incorporação de tecnologias no SUS. Para tanto, foi conduzido um estudo descritivo, exploratório e retrospectivo, cuja unidade de análise foram os processos individuais solicitando medicamentos ao Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, entre os anos de 2013 a 2017. Os dados foram obtidos junto a Secretaria Estadual de Saúde Pública (SESAP/RN), e as informações dos processos foram coletadas através de consulta ao sítio eletrônico do Tribunal de Justiça do RN. Foram analisados 987 processos, em que foram solicitados 1517 medicamentos. A maioria dos demandantes foi do sexo feminino (58,8%), residentes no interior do Estado, com idade média de 48,3 anos, representadas predominantemente por assistência jurídica pública (52,8%) e com prescrição oriunda de serviços médicos privados (38,1%). A maioria dos medicamentos pleiteados (61,7%) não estavam incorporados ao SUS, porém, em 75% dos casos, havia alternativa terapêutica. Em 13,6% das ações, ao menos 1 medicamento foi prescrito para uso off-label. Mesmo os medicamentos judicializados que faziam parte da Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (Rename), foram constantemente solicitados para indicações não recomendadas nos protocolos oficiais. Em 68% dos casos, houve acesso ao medicamento, sendo o autor responsável pela compra em 56,1% deles, via bloqueio de verbas públicas. O medicamento mais solicitado foi a insulina glargina (74 pedidos). Medicamentos não disponíveis no SUS e frequentemente solicitados nas demandas judiciais tendem a ser incorporados posteriormente, passando a integrar a política de saúde. Dos 10 medicamentos com maior número de ações judiciais, 4 foram posteriormente incorporados ao SUS, com destaque para as insulinas análogas. Em relação ao processo de incorporação desses medicamentos, observou-se que predominaram demandas internas (60%), e a minoria contou com avaliações econômicas (40%), sendo a principal justificativa utilizada no embasamento das decisões, a presença de evidência científica. Porém, foi observada mudança de posicionamento após a expressiva participação em consultas públicas e a judicialização dos medicamentos é mencionada em alguns relatórios. Os resultados mostraram que a via judicial tem se consolidado como forma de acesso a medicamentos no Rio Grande do Norte, inclusive por cidadãos residentes no interior do Estado, que conseguem assistência jurídica gratuita. Foram solicitados principalmente medicamentos ainda não incorporados ao SUS, e essas solicitações frequentemente violaram regras sanitárias e de gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica. O bloqueio de verbas públicas para o cumprimento dessas decisões é outro fator preocupante para o gestor do SUS, pois compromete a execução das políticas de medicamentos programadas, podendo enfraquecer a execução dessas. No processo de incorporação de medicamentos alvo de demandas judiciais, observou-se que apesar da preponderância do embasamento técnico-científico nas decisões de incorporação de medicamentos no SUS, houve influência indireta da judicialização no processo de tomada de decisão (AU).


The judicialization of health, especially in access to medicines, is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon that involves technical-scientific, legal, economic and social aspects, and may have different implications for public health. With the constitutional recognition of health as a right and the implementation of the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), an increasing number of citizens have sought the Judiciary to guarantee the constitutional promise, and the number of lawsuits has grown over the years. As a relevant question, the theme of judicialization has been debated in several spaces: in society, in academia, by legal institutions and by health managers. However, it has not yet been possible to draw a national panorama of the judicialization of medicines in Brazil, with a marked concentration of research in the Southeast and South regions of the country. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify and analyze the lawsuits for medicines in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, describing the sociodemographic, medical-sanitary and judicial characteristics of the processes, making an analysis in the light of current drug policies and evaluating its possible interfaces with the process of incorporating technologies into SUS. It was conducted a descriptive, exploratory and retrospective, whose unit of analysis was the individual processes requesting medicines from the State of Rio Grande do Norte, between the years 2013 to 2017. The data were collected from the State Department of Public Health (SESAP/RN), and the information on the cases was collected through consultation with the website of the Court of Justice of RN. Nine hundred eighty-seven (987) processes were analyzed, in which 1517 medicines were requested. Most of the claimants were female (58.8%), residing in the interior of the State, with an average age of 48.3 years, represented predominantly by public legal assistance (52.8%) and with prescription from private medical services (38.1%). Most of the requested drugs (61.7%) were not incorporated into SUS, however, in 75% of the cases, there was a therapeutic alternative. In 13.6% of the actions, at least 1 medicine was prescribed for off-label use. Even the judicialized drugs that were part of the National List of Essential Medicines (Rename), were constantly requested for indications not recommended in official protocols. In 68% of the cases, access to the drug was available, with the author responsible for the purchase in 56.1% of them, through blocking public funds. The most requested medicine was insulin glargine (74 lawsuits). Drugs not available in SUS and frequently requested in court demands tend to be incorporated later, becoming part of health policy. Of the 10 drugs with the highest number of lawsuits, 4 were subsequently incorporated into SUS, mainly insulin analogues. Regarding the process of incorporating these drugs, it was observed that internal demands predominated (60%), and the minority had economic assessments (40%), the main justification used to support decisions being the presence of scientific evidence. However, a change of position was observed after the expressive participation in public consultations and the judicialization of medicines is mentioned in some reports. The results showed that the judicial system has been consolidated as a way of accessing medicines in Rio Grande do Norte, including by citizens residing in the interior of the State, who obtain free legal assistance. The most of the drugs requested were not yet incorporated into SUS, and these requests frequently violated health and Pharmaceutical Assistance management rules. The blocking of public funds for the fulfillment of these decisions is another worrying factor for the SUS manager, as it compromises the execution of the programmed medicines policies, which impair their execution. In the process of incorporating drugs targeted by lawsuits, it was observed that despite the preponderance of the technical-scientific basis in decisions to incorporate drugs into SUS, there was an indirect influence of judicialization in the decision-making process (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Technology Assessment, Biomedical/methods , National Drug Policy , Health's Judicialization/legislation & jurisprudence , Right to Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Unified Health System , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical
5.
Cad. Ibero Am. Direito Sanit. (Impr.) ; 8(3): 10-26, jul.-set. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1022847

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar a atual interpretação da regra constitucional de solidariedade no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), após a manifestação da Suprema Corte em julgamento de recurso com fixação de precedente. Método: utilizou-se o método dedutivo para compreender e interpretar o sentido da solidariedade e suas consequências práticas; e método empírico-analítico para análise das premissas fixadas pela Suprema Corte. Resultados: observou-se aproximação entre o fundamento do precedente firmado e as manifestações dos enunciados 8 e 78, que são anteriores ao julgamento do recurso. Conclusão: o enfrentamento da judicialização da saúde se torna mais sólido a partir do julgamento do recurso e da criação dos enunciados. (AU).


Objective: to analyze the current interpretation of the constitutional rule of solidarity within the scope of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), after the Supreme Court ruled in appeal judgment with precedent setting. Method: the deductive method was used to understand and interpret the meaning of solidarity and its practical consequences; and empirical-analytical method for analysis of the premises set by the Supreme Court. Results: we observed an approximation between the ground of precedent and the statements of statements 8 and 78, which are prior to the judgment of the appeal. Conclusion: the confrontation of the judicialization of health becomes more solid from the judgment of the appeal and the creation of the statements. (AU).


Objetivo: analizar la interpretación actual de la norma constitucional de solidaridad en el ámbito del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) de Brasil, luego de que la Corte Suprema dictaminó en un juicio de apelación con un precedente. Método: el método deductivo se utilizó para comprender e interpretar el significado de solidaridad y sus consecuencias prácticas; y método empírico-analítico para el análisis de las premisas establecidas por la Corte Suprema. Resultados: Observamos una aproximación entre el fundamento del precedente y las declaraciones de las declaraciones 8 y 78, que son anteriores a la sentencia de la apelación. Conclusión: la confrontación de la judicialización de la salud se vuelve más sólida a partir del juicio de la apelación y la creación de las declaraciones. (AU).


Subject(s)
Judicial Decisions , Federalism , National Drug Policy , Health's Judicialization
6.
Salud ment ; 42(4): 185-189, Jul.-Aug. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058953

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Mexico northern border has high levels of heroin use. For more than 10 years, the country has implemented several harm reduction interventions to reduce the risks associated with drug use. New strategies such as Safe Consumption Sites (SCS) must be considered as a next step to service vulnerable populations and increase their health outcomes. Objective This report seeks to measure and compare attitudes on a potential SCS intervention in Tijuana among police and people with lived experience (PLE) in heroin use in the city. Method Two parallel studies on police practices and everyday experiences of heroin users in Tijuana were able to ask similar questions about attitudes toward SCS and its implementation in the city. They conducted quantitative interviews with 771 active police officers and 200 PLE while in rehabilitation services. Results Both groups showed a high personal support for SCS of nearly 82% and a perceived implementation success around 80%. Officers reported 58.9% peer support for SCS while PLE 79%. Around 76% of both groups agreed that a SCS would help to improve their personal health. Finally, 86.2% of the officers would refer people to a SCS while 62.5% of PLE would use the service. Discussion and conclusions The strong positive attitudes from police officers and PLE towards SCS in the city of Tijuana reported in both studies indicate the possibility of a successful implementation of a SCS. This intervention would represent an innovative way to protect PLE from police harassment and victimization, helping reduce HIV and HCV risk behaviors while improving community health.


Resumen Introducción En la frontera norte de México hay niveles altos de consumo de heroína. Durante más de 10 años, el país ha implementado diversas intervenciones de reducción de daños para minimizar los riesgos asociados con el uso de sustancias. Los sitios de consumo seguro (SCS) se deben considerar como una opción que brinde servicios a poblaciones vulnerables para mejorar su salud. Objetivo Este reporte mide y compara actitudes entre policías y personas con experiencia vivida (PEV) en uso de heroína en Tijuana, relacionadas con una posible implementación de SCS en la ciudad. Método Dos estudios paralelos sobre prácticas policiales y experiencias cotidianas de usuarios de heroína en Tijuana incluyeron preguntas similares sobre actitudes hacia los SCS y su implementación en la ciudad. Se realizaron 771 entrevistas cuantitativas con oficiales de policía y 200 con PEV internadas en centros de rehabilitación. Resultados Ambos grupos mostraron un alto apoyo hacia los SCS cercano al 82% y un éxito percibido en implementación del 80%. Los oficiales reportaron 58.9% de apoyo entre pares a las SCS y del 79% entre PEV. Un 76% en ambos grupos coincidieron que un SCS ayudaría a mejorar su salud personal. Finalmente, el 86.2% de los oficiales referirían hacia un SCS, mientras que 62.5% de PEV las usarían. Discusión y conclusiones Las actitudes hacia los SCS indican una posible implementación exitosa de SCS en la ciudad. Esta intervención representaría una forma innovadora de disminuir el acoso y victimización policial hacia las PEV, reduciendo los factores de riesgo de VIH y VHC, mejorando la salud comunitaria.

7.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 53: 94, jan. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1043318

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends in the use of generic and non-generic medicines to treat hypertension and diabetes under the Farmácia Popular Program (FP) and its impact on generic medicines sales volume and market share in the Brazilian pharmaceutical market. METHODS This longitudinal, retrospective study used interrupted time series design to analyze changes in monthly sales volume and proportion of medicines sales (market share) for oral antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines for generic versus non-generic products. Analyses were conducted in a combined dataset that aggregate monthly sales volumes from the Farmácia Popular program and from the QuintilesIMS™ (IQVIA) national market sales data from January 2007 to December 2012. The Farmácia Popular program phases analyzed included: a) 2009 reductions in medicines reference prices (AFP-II) and b) 2011 implementation of free medicines program for hypertension and diabetes, the Saúde não tem preço (SNTP - Health has no price). RESULTS Patterns of use for FP-covered antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines were similar to their use in the market in general. After one year of the decreases in government subsidies in April 2010, market share of antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines experienced relative declines of -54.5% and -59.9%, respectively. However, when FP-covered medicines were made free to patients, overall market volume for antidiabetic and antihypertensive generics increased dramatically, with 242.6% and 277.0% relative increases by February 2012, as well as non-generics with relative increase of 209.7% and 279% for antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ministry of Health policies on the amount of patient cost sharing and on the choice of medicines on coverage lists have substantial impacts on overall generic sales volume in retail pharmacies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Generic/therapeutic use , Commerce/trends , Community Pharmacy Services/trends , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , National Health Programs/trends , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Pharmacies/trends , Pharmacies/statistics & numerical data , Reference Values , Time Factors , Brazil , Program Evaluation , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Commerce/statistics & numerical data , Community Pharmacy Services/statistics & numerical data , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Interrupted Time Series Analysis , Health Policy , Hypertension/drug therapy , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data
8.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 23: e180071, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1101201

ABSTRACT

Relata-se a experiência do Curso de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e outras Drogas, ofertado pelo Centro Regional de Referência para Formação em Políticas sobre Drogas da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (CRR/UFSJ), com relação aos desafios para formação em Redução de Danos (RD). Foram constituídos grupos com 16 alunos em média, entre profissionais e lideranças comunitárias de 18 municípios da microrregião administrativa de São João del-Rei, MG. Com base nos registros de diários de campo e relatórios do curso, foram elaboradas três unidades de sentido relacionadas ao processo educativo sobre RD: (a) estranhamentos em torno da RD; (b) problematizações, resistências e apropriações da RD; e (c) impactos da RD nas práticas dos cursistas. Observou-se que o Curso favoreceu um primeiro passo para mudança e sensibilização com relação à RD, desafio fundamental para a reforma nas políticas de drogas.(AU)


Se relata la experiencia del Curso de Atención Psicosocial para Alcohol y otras Drogas, ofrecido para el Centro Regional de Referencia para Formación en Políticas sobre Drogas de la Universidad Federal de São João Del Rei (CRR/UFSJ), en relación a los desafíos para formación en reducción de Daños (RD). Se constituyeron grupos con un promedio de 16 alumnos, entre profesionales y liderazgos comunitarios de 18 municipios de la micro-región administrativa de São João del Rei, Estado de Minas Gerais. Con base en los registros de diarios de campo e informes del curso, se elaboraron tres unidades de sentido relacionadas con el proceso educativo sobre RD: (a) extrañezas sobre la RD; (b) problemáticas, resistencias y apropiaciones de RD; e (c) impactos de la RD en las prácticas de los participantes. Se observó que el Curso favoreció un primer paso para cambio y sensibilización con relación a la RD, desafío fundamental para la reforma en las políticas de drogas.(AU)


Report about the Psychosocial Care Course on Alcohol and Other Drugs, offered by Centro Regional de Referência para Formação em Políticas sobre Drogas, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei (CRR/UFSJ), oriented towards to Harm Reduction (HR) training. Groups of around sixteen students were gathered, encompassing professionals and community leaders from 18 cities within the region of São João del Rei, MG, Brazil. Through field notes and management reports the study elaborated three units of meaning related to the educational process of HR: (a) estrangements regarding the HR proposal; (b) problematizations, resistances and appropriations of HR; and (c) impacts of the HR proposal on students' practices. The involvement in the Course promoted a first step towards change and produced awareness of HR, a major challenge on drug policy reform.(AU)

9.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 23: e180071, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-984542

ABSTRACT

Relata-se a experiência do Curso de Atenção Psicossocial em Álcool e outras Drogas, ofertado pelo Centro Regional de Referência para Formação em Políticas sobre Drogas da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (CRR/UFSJ), com relação aos desafios para formação em Redução de Danos (RD). Foram constituídos grupos com 16 alunos em média, entre profissionais e lideranças comunitárias de 18 municípios da microrregião administrativa de São João del-Rei, MG. Com base nos registros de diários de campo e relatórios do curso, foram elaboradas três unidades de sentido relacionadas ao processo educativo sobre RD: (a) estranhamentos em torno da RD; (b) problematizações, resistências e apropriações da RD; e (c) impactos da RD nas práticas dos cursistas. Observou-se que o Curso favoreceu um primeiro passo para mudança e sensibilização com relação à RD, desafio fundamental para a reforma nas políticas de drogas.(AU)


Se relata la experiencia del Curso de Atención Psicosocial para Alcohol y otras Drogas, ofrecido para el Centro Regional de Referencia para Formación en Políticas sobre Drogas de la Universidad Federal de São João Del Rei (CRR/UFSJ), en relación a los desafíos para formación en reducción de Daños (RD). Se constituyeron grupos con un promedio de 16 alumnos, entre profesionales y liderazgos comunitarios de 18 municipios de la micro-región administrativa de São João del Rei, Estado de Minas Gerais. Con base en los registros de diarios de campo e informes del curso, se elaboraron tres unidades de sentido relacionadas con el proceso educativo sobre RD: (a) extrañezas sobre la RD; (b) problemáticas, resistencias y apropiaciones de RD; e (c) impactos de la RD en las prácticas de los participantes. Se observó que el Curso favoreció un primer paso para cambio y sensibilización con relación a la RD, desafío fundamental para la reforma en las políticas de drogas.(AU)


Report about the Psychosocial Care Course on Alcohol and Other Drugs, offered by Centro Regional de Referência para Formação em Políticas sobre Drogas, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei (CRR/UFSJ), oriented towards to Harm Reduction (HR) training. Groups of around sixteen students were gathered, encompassing professionals and community leaders from 18 cities within the region of São João del Rei, MG, Brazil. Through field notes and management reports the study elaborated three units of meaning related to the educational process of HR: (a) estrangements regarding the HR proposal; (b) problematizations, resistances and appropriations of HR; and (c) impacts of the HR proposal on students' practices. The involvement in the Course promoted a first step towards change and produced awareness of HR, a major challenge on drug policy reform.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Harm Reduction , Education, Continuing , Health Policy , Health Human Resource Training
10.
Journal of International Pharmaceutical Research ; (6): 652-658, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-845250

ABSTRACT

At present, we are facing challenges in the development of rare disease drugs. The paper introduces the ethical theories of rare disease treatment, the characteristics of pharmacoeconomic evaluation on orphan drugs, the risk of reimbursement in medical insurance funds, the international experiences on the balance between the accessibility and cost containment of high-cost orphan drugs, the orphan drug list promulgated by Hong Kong SAR of China in 2019 and the status quo of orphan drugs in China. The author also analyzes the international practice from different perspec-tives, such as, the Orphan Drug Act(ODA)in the United States, the new concept of high specific technology introduced by National Institute Health and Clinical Excellence(NICE)in the UK, the retrospective review of pharmacoeconomics of orphan drugs by National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics(NCPE)in Ireland, the principles of orphan drug evaluation by TLV in Sweden, a special research program on the cost of orphan drugs in Turkey, and the four measures to control the cost of high-priced drugs in the Republic of Korea. The aim of this paper is to introduce international experiences for reference on the formulation of drug policies in rare diseases and development of related pharmacoeconomics in China.

11.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 42(1): 39-60, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1000092

ABSTRACT

In Brazil municipalities are responsible for initiating the guarantee of access to essential medicines by selecting those that will be included in their lists. This study aimed to analyze how the Municipal Lists of Essential Medicines (MLEM) are prepared, as well as their comparison with the National List of Essential Medicines (RENAME) 2014, and what their similarities and differences are. The municipalities belong to the 11th Regional Healthcare Coordination Center of Rio Grande do Sul State. A questionnaire was applied to the Pharmaceutical Assistance managers to characterize the preparation of the lists that were compared between themselves and with RENAME 2014, later Cluster Analysis was used to determine similarities. A total of 23 municipalities and 22 lists were received for the analysis. The main criteria for elaboration were medical prescription, presence in RENAME and need of the population. RENAME was cited as the most widely used source of information. Ten drugs were present in all lists and the percentage of agreement with RENAME was 60.6%. These results point to the need for a balance between what is accomplished by the municipalities and what is recommended in selecting essential medications.


No Brasil os municípios são responsáveis pelo início da garantia de acesso aos medicamentos essenciais ao selecionar aqueles que farão parte de suas listas. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar a elaboração, similaridades e diferenças das Relações Municipais de Medicamentos Essenciais (REMUMEs) dos municípios pertencentes a 11ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como a comparação com a Relação Nacional de Medicamentos Essenciais (RENAME) 2014. A aplicação de um questionário aos gestores da Assistência Farmacêutica caracterizou a elaboração das listas que foram comparadas entre si e com a RENAME 2014, posteriormente foi utilizada análise de agrupamentos para as similaridades. Responderam ao questionário 23 municípios e 22 listas foram recebidas para a análise. Como principais critérios de elaboração, foram citadas a prescrição médica, presença na RENAME e necessidade da população. A RENAME foi referenciada como fonte de informação mais utilizada. Dez medicamentos estavam presentes em todas as listas e o percentual de concordância com a RENAME foi de 60,6%. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de um equilíbrio entre o que é realizado pelos municípios e o que é recomendado para seleção de medicamentos essenciais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Services , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Drugs, Essential , National Drug Policy , Brazil
12.
Psicol. pesq ; 11(1): 1-2, jun. 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-895842

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo retoma aspectos relevantes do movimento denominado “Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira” (RPB), no sentido de imbricar esse histórico - em seus aspectos políticos e sociais - com a construção da “Redução de Danos” (RD) como estratégia norteadora da “Política Nacional de Atenção Integral aos Usuários de Álcool e Outras Drogas” (PNAD) no Brasil. Desta feita, nossa intenção é a de apresentar parte das experiências vividas na cidade do Recife e no Estado de Pernambuco, justamente, devido à presença de serviços pontuais, tais quais: o “Programa Mais Vida” e o “Programa Atitude”; experiências ímpares e exitosas no deslocamento de um novo olhar possível para o cuidado às pessoas com problemas decorrentes do uso/abuso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA). Ademais, alentamos para a necessidade do entrecruzamento entre os serviços voltados para o cuidado dessas pessoas, apresentando, ao mesmo tempo, como se encontra constituída, na atualidade, a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) de Recife (PE), com o recorte específico para álcool e outras drogas, buscando problematizar a efetividade da mesma no contexto da RPB.


This article reviews some important aspects of the “Brazilian Psychiatric Reform” (RPB) in order to intertwine its history - considering its political and social aspects - with the construction of Harm Reduction strategy in the “National Policy for the Comprehensive Care of Users of Alcohol and other Drugs”, in Brazil. Our intention is to present some of the experiences occurred in the state of Pernambuco and its capital Recife, such as the occasional services as “Programa Mais Vida” and the “Programa Atitude”, unique and successful local experiences in shift the care of people with drug problems. In addition, we sustain the need for services cross-linking in the care of this public, presented here as the “Health Care Network for Users of Alcohol and other Drugs” aiming problematize its effectiveness in the context of RPB.

13.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 51(supl.2): 4s, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-903400

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos -Serviços (PNAUM - National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines - Services) aimed to characterize the organization of pharmaceutical services in the Primary Health Care of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). PNAUM - Services is a cross-sectional and evaluative study, with planned sample of 600 cities, held between 2014 and 2015, composed of a remote phase, with telephone interviews with health managers. Of these 600 cities, 300 were selected for a survey on health services. We selected the 27 capitals, the 0.5% largest cities of each region, and the remaining cities were drawn. The estimate of the representative national sample size considered three levels: cities, medicine dispensing services, and patients. The interviews were carried out with a structured questionnaire specific for: municipal secretaries of health, professionals responsible for pharmaceutical services in the city, professionals responsible for the dispensing of medicines, physicians, and patients. The secondary data were obtained in official databases, in the latest update date. PNAUM - Services was the first nationwide research aimed at the assessment and acquisition of national and regional indicators on access to medicines, as well as use and rational use, from the perspective of various social subjects.


RESUMO A Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM) - componente Serviços teve por objetivo caracterizar a organização dos serviços de assistência farmacêutica na Atenção Básica do Sistema Único Saúde. A PNAUM - Serviços foi um estudo transversal, avaliativo, com amostra planejada de 600 municípios, realizado entre 2014 e 2015, composto por uma fase remota, com entrevistas telefônicas com gestores. Desses 600 municípios foram selecionados 300 para um inquérito em serviços de saúde. Foram selecionadas as 27 capitais, 0,5% dos maiores municípios de cada região e realizado um sorteio dos demais municípios. O cálculo do tamanho da amostra representativa nacional considerou três níveis: municípios, serviços de dispensação de medicamentos e usuários. As entrevistas foram realizadas com a utilização de um questionário estruturado específico para: secretário municipal de saúde, responsável pela assistência farmacêutica no município, responsável pela entrega de medicamentos, médico e usuário. Os dados secundários foram obtidos em bases oficiais, na data mais recente de atualização. A PNAUM - Serviços foi a primeira pesquisa de âmbito nacional visando a avaliação e obtenção de indicadores nacionais e regionais acerca de acesso a medicamentos, bem como utilização e uso racional, sob a ótica de variados atores sociais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution , Health Surveys/methods , Health Services Accessibility , Primary Health Care , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interviews as Topic , National Health Programs
14.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 51(supl.2): 15s, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-903392

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify limiting factors in the management of pharmaceutical services in the primary health care provided by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). METHODS This study was based on the data from the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM - National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines), and it was conducted by interviews with professionals responsible for pharmaceutical services in Brazilian cities, in 2015. To identify the management limiting factors, we considered the organizational, operational, and sustainability indicators of the management. For the analyses, we included the weights and structure of analysis plan for complex samples. The results were expressed by frequencies and measures of central tendency with 95% confidence interval, considering the Brazilian geographic regions. RESULTS We identified the following limiting factors: lack of pharmaceutical services in the Municipal Health Secretariat organization chart (24%) and in the health plan (18%); lack of participation of managers in the Health Board and the absence of reference to this topic in the agenda of meetings (58.4%); lack of financial autonomy (61.5%) and lack of knowledge on the available values (81.7%); lack of adoption of operational procedures (about 50%) for selection, scheduling, and acquisition; and the fact that most professionals evaluate the organization of pharmaceutical services as good and great (58.8%), despite the worrisome indicators. CONCLUSIONS Pharmaceutical services management is currently supported by a legal and political framework that should guide and contribute to improve the pharmaceutical services in the Brazilian Unified Health System primary health care. However, there is a mismatch between the goals established by these guidelines and what is actually happening.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar fatores condicionantes da gestão da assistência farmacêutica na atenção primária no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde. MÉTODOS Estudo com dados obtidos da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos no Brasil (PNAUM) - Serviços, realizada por meio de entrevistas com responsáveis pela assistência farmacêutica em municípios, em 2015. Para identificar os fatores condicionantes da gestão foram considerados indicadores organizacionais, operacionais e de sustentabilidade da gestão. Para as análises consideraram-se os pesos amostrais e a estrutura do plano de análise para amostras complexas. Os resultados foram expressos por meio de frequências e medidas de tendência central com intervalo de confiança de 95%, por regiões geográficas do Brasil. RESULTADOS Foram identificados os fatores condicionantes: a ausência da assistência farmacêutica no organograma da secretaria (24%) e no plano de saúde (18%), a não participação dos gestores no conselho de saúde e a não referência desse tema na pauta das reuniões (58,4%), falta de autonomia financeira (61,5%) e conhecimento dos valores disponíveis (81,7%), falta de adoção de procedimentos operacionais em cerca de 50% para seleção, programação e aquisição e o fato da maioria avaliar a organização da assistência farmacêutica como boa e ótima (58,8%), apesar dos indicadores preocupantes apontados. CONCLUSÕES A gestão da assistência farmacêutica encontra-se respaldada em um arcabouço legal e político, que deveria nortear e contribuir para melhoria da assistência farmacêutica na atenção primária no Sistema Único de Saúde. No entanto, há um descompasso entre os objetivos fixados por essas normativas e o que se observa na realidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pharmaceutical Services/organization & administration , Primary Health Care , Pharmaceutical Services/supply & distribution , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , National Health Programs
15.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 4341-4345, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-667037

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for developing zero-profit drug policy and compensation mechanism better in ur-ban public hospitals. METHODS:Taking a public hospital in a city as an example,effects of zero-profit drug policy on hospitals, patients,health insurance fund and single diseases with different drug proportions [cataract (2.94%) vs. chronic renal failure (38.77%)] were investigated by analyzing the canceled drug addition costs and adjusted medical service price data after developing zero-profit drug policy. RESULTS:After developing zero-profit drug policy,the overall compensation rate in the public hospital was 95.20%. The overall burden of urban patients was reduced,average burden cost was decreased 197.73 yuan every time;while the overall burden of urban and rural residents had increased,average burden cost was increased 17.39 yuan every time;and the overall burden of all patients had decreased. Health insurance fund had decreased,in which,the urban workers were decreased 151185500 yuan,and urban and rural residents were increased 4550400 yuan. In medical insurance for urban workers and health insurance for urban and rural residents,hospital increased by 7.00% and 8.99% in income in the treatment of cataract,the medical insurance fund increased by 12.07% and 13.67%,and patients'burden increased by 0.58% and 3.43%,respectively. For chronic renal failure,hospital income increased by 3.23% and 3.93%,medical insurance fund decreased by 3.19% and 3.96%,and pa-tients'burden decreased by 4.27% and 3.63%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Zero-profit drug policy is the ideal measure for get-ting rid of"drug-maintaining-medicine". When developing the policy,it should be combined with actual situation and different dis-eases to explore adjustment of medical service prices,reasonable financial compensation models and medical insurance payment mechanism.

16.
Rev. polis psique ; 6(3): 59-76, dez. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-961900

ABSTRACT

Este artigo visa apresentar uma análise teórica a respeito da lei e norma na definição da opção política proibicionista no Brasil, nas últimas décadas. O debate central é como as políticas sobre drogas têm sido embasadas na perspectiva proibicionista. No bojo dessa postura de proibição legal, a tática repressiva ganhou expressão social e foi inscrita no plano da soberania jurídica normatizadora. Os movimentos de lei e ordem cada vez mais se entrecruzaram e passaram a requisitar a criminalização do uso e do comércio de drogas, em especial as consideradas ilícitas em um intricado campo de governamentalidades resultante de uma política criminal encarceradora e de uma perspectiva medicalizante do consumo de drogas legais, tais como os psicofármacos. Paralelamente, um conjunto de práticas discursivas e de poder operaram conjuntamente na definição do que são drogas e de quais são lícitas e quais são ilícitas, por meio de um sistema de repartição complexo.


This paper offers a theoretical analysis of law and norm in the definition of Brazil's prohibitionist drug policy in recent decades. The central argument advances that drug policies have been based on a prohibitionist perspective. At the core of this stance of legal prohibition, repressive tactics gained social acceptance and were inscribed in a plan towards a normalizing judicial sovereignty. Law and order movements increasingly intercrossed and instituted the criminalization of drug use and the drug trade-particularly for those deemed illegal-by means of an intricate field of governmentalities which resulted in a carceral criminal policy and a medicalized view of legal drug use, including psychotropics. In parallel, a set of discursive and power practices operated jointly to define through a complex system of classification what constitutes a drug and which drugs are to be considered legal or illegal.


Este artículo presenta un análisis teórico sobre la ley y la definición estándar de la opción política prohibicionista en Brasil en las últimas décadas. El debate central es cómo las políticas de drogas se han basado en la perspectiva prohibicionista. En el núcleo de esta actitud de prohibición legal, las tácticas represivas ganaron expresión social y se inscribieron en el plan de normalización de la soberanía legal. Los movimientos de la ley y el orden cada vez se entrecruzaban y comenzaron a pedir la criminalización del uso de drogas y el tráfico de drogas, en especial los que se consideran ilegales en un terreno intrincado gubernamentalidads encarcelamiento como resultado de una política criminal y una mirada medicalización de consumo drogas legales tales como los psicotrópicos. En paralelo, un conjunto de prácticas discursivas y poder operar en las inmediaciones en la definición de lo que es y lo que las drogas son legales y cuáles son ilegales, a través de un complejo sistema de asignación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Policy , Power, Psychological , Enacted Statutes , Medicalization , Legislation, Drug , Brazil
17.
Interface comun. saúde educ ; 20(58): 767-776, jul.-set. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-784373

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho relata a experiência de um grupo de atenção a pessoas encaminhadas pela justiça para cumprimento de medida educativa, em razão de conduta enquadrada no artigo 28 da Lei 11.343/2006 – porte ilegal de drogas para consumo próprio. Em seis encontros semanais, cinco participantes falaram do prazer e sofrimento associado ao uso de drogas, das dificuldades em suportar a abstinência, das possibilidades de minimização de riscos e danos, de seus projetos de vida e da legalização como estratégia para promoção da saúde e enfraquecimento do narcotráfico e da criminalidade. A despeito do caráter compulsório da medida, a intervenção fomentou reflexões críticas e emancipatórias sobre o uso de drogas na contemporaneidade. Destaca-se, neste cenário, a relevância do relato de projetos educativos que se sustentam na contramão de discursos de sujeição e punitivos.


This paper reports the experience of a group that treats people sent by the justice to be subject to educational intervention, because of misconduct typified in the Article 28 of the Law 11.343/2006 – illegally carrying drugs for personal consumption. Along six weekly meetings, five participants talked about the pleasure and suffering associated with drug use, the difficulties to endure the abstinence, the possibilities for minimizing risks and damages, their life projects, and the legalization as a strategy for promoting health and weakening drug traffic and criminality. Despite the compulsory nature of the intervention, it fostered critical and emancipatory reflections about the use of drugs in contemporaneity. It is highlighted in this scenario, the relevance of reports of educational projects that march in the opposite direction of discourses proposing subjection and punishment.


Este trabajo relata la experiencia de un grupo de atención a personas encaminadas por la justicia para cumplir medidas educativas, en razón de conducta prevista en el artículo 28 de la Ley 11.343/2006 respecto a latenencia ilegal de drogas para consumo personal. En seis encuentros semanales, cinco participantes hablaron del placer y del sufrimiento asociados con el uso de drogas, las dificultades en soportar la abstinencia, las posibilidades de minimizar riesgos y daños, así como de sus proyectos de vida y de la legalización como una estrategia para promoción de la salud y el debilitamiento del narcotráfico y la criminalidad. A pesar del carácter obligatorio de la medida, la intervención promovió reflexiones críticas y emancipadoras sobre el uso de drogas en la contemporaneidad. Se destaca, en este escenario, la relevancia del relato de proyectos educativos contrarios a los imperativos de sujeción y castigo.


Subject(s)
Research/education , Population Education
18.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 25(2): 251-258, abr.-jun. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-785218

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: analisar a utilização e a percepção sobre medicamentos genéricos pela população com diabetes e hipertensão na cidade de São Paulo, considerando-se a Política de Medicamentos Genéricos no Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal com dados do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de São Paulo (ISA-Capital), coletados em 2003; foi analisado o conhecimento sobre medicamentos genéricos e a associação entre utilização desses medicamentos e características sociodemográficas e socioeconômicas. RESULTADOS: foram incluídos 603 participantes; entre hipertensos e diabéticos, foi encontrada baixa utilização de medicamento genérico (33,3% e 26,3%, respectivamente) e a principal vantagem atribuída ao medicamento genérico foi o baixo custo (71,0% e 71,1%, respectivamente); não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre uso de medicamento genérico e idade, sexo ou escolaridade. CONCLUSÃO: o baixo custo e não haver diferença entre uso do genérico e escolaridade reforçam a importância do medicamento genérico para a promoção da equidade e do acesso universal a medicamentos.


OBJETIVO: analizar el uso de medicamentos genéricos en la población con diabetes e hipertensión en São Paulo, Brasil, considerando la política de medicamentos genéricos en Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta en Salud del municipio de São Paulo (ISA-Capital), colectados en 2003; se analizó el conocimiento sobre medicamentos genéricos y la asociación entre el uso de estos y las características sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas de la población. RESULTADOS: incluimos 603 participantes, entre hipertensos y diabéticos se encontró un uso escaso de genéricos (33,3% y 26,3%, respectivamente) y la principal ventaja atribuida al medicamento genérico fue el bajo costo (71,0% y 71,1%, respectivamente); no hubo diferencia entre el uso de medicación genérica y la edad, sexo o educación. CONCLUSIÓN: el bajo costo y ninguna diferencia entre el uso de genérico y educación refuerza la importancia de los genéricos para la promoción de la equidad y el acceso universal a los medicamentos.


OBJECTIVE: to analyze the use and perception of generic drugs by people with diabetes and hypertension in São Paulo City, Brazil, considering the Brazilian Generic Drug Policy. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study using data from a household health survey (ISA-Capital) in 2003; analysis was performed on knowledge regarding generic drugs and on the association between their use and sociodemographic and socio-economic characteristics. RESULTS: 603 people with hypertension and diabetes were included in the study, low use of generic drugs was found (33.3% and 26.3, respectively) and low cost was the major reported advantage of generic drugs (71.0% and 71.1%, respectively); there was no statistically significant difference between the use of generic medication and age, sex or schooling. CONCLUSION: low cost and there being no difference between generic drug use and education level strengthen the importance of generic drugs for promoting equity and universal access to medication.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Drugs, Generic/economics , Drugs, Generic/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Hypertension/drug therapy , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Generic Drug Policy
19.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1484689

ABSTRACT

During the 6th International Conference on Envenomation by Snakebites and Scorpion Stings in Africa held in Abidjan, from 1 to 5 June 2015, the measures for the management of envenomation were discussed and new recommendations were adopted by the participants. The high incidence and severity of this affliction were confirmed by several studies conducted in African countries. The poor availability of antivenom, particularly because of the cost, was also highlighted. Some experiences have been reported, mainly those regarding the financial support of antivenom in Burkina Faso (more than 90 %) and Togo (up to 60 %) or the mandatory reporting of cases in Cameroon. Key recommendations concerned: improvement of epidemiological information based on case collection; training of health workers in the management of envenomation; policy to promote the use of effective and safe antivenom; and antivenom funding by sharing its costs with stakeholders in order to improve antivenom accessibility for low-income patients.


Subject(s)
Animals , Snake Bites/diagnosis , Snake Bites/epidemiology , Snake Bites/veterinary , Congresses as Topic/organization & administration , Congresses as Topic/trends , Poisoning/veterinary
20.
Textos contextos (Porto Alegre) ; 15(2): 423-436, 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912971

ABSTRACT

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os dados da pesquisa Políticas de atenção às questões relacionadas ao consumo de álcool e outras drogas no Espírito Santo (ES), efetuada entre os anos de 2012 a 2014, na qual realizou-se um diagnóstico sobre as instituições de tratamento, prevenção, redução de danos e ensino/pesquisa na área de drogas no ES. Realizaram-se entrevistas com os dirigentes das entidades com a aplicação de instrumento de coleta de dados. Observou-se um cenário que aponta para o crescimento de Comunidades Terapêuticas Religiosas, a reafirmação da lógica manicomial expressa nos encaminhamentos recorrentes da quase totalidade dos municípios capixabas para instituições com regime de internação e, sobretudo, a ausência de instituições qualificadas para atender as demandas para tratamento na área de drogas. Assim, nossas reflexões acompanham as reflexões da Luta Antimanicomial e demais movimentos em defesa do SUS no sentido de nos posicionamos contra a implantação de uma "rede paralela" à rede pública de saúde.


This article presents the results of the study Policies attention to issues related to alcohol and other drugs in Espirito Santo (ES)", conducted between the years 2012-2014, which realized a diagnosis of the institutions of treatment, prevention, harm reduction and education / research on drugs in ES. Interviews were conducted with the leaders of institutions with the application of survey. There has been a scenario that points to the growth of therapeutic Religious Communities, the reaffirmation of asylum Express Logic in recurrent referrals of almost all of the ES cities for institutions with hospitalization regime and especially, inexistence of qualified institutions to receive demands for drug treatment. Our reflections follow the reflections of mental health and other movements in defense of the Brazilian Health System (SUS) against the implementation of a "parallel network" to public health.


Subject(s)
Health Policy , Health Services , Pharmaceutical Preparations
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